自营MTR-3S65-G-R-B-E-S参数规格型号

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MTR-3S65-G-R-B-E-S，对于企业和商用建筑领域相关者而言，解决建筑脱碳问题迫在眉睫ABB Ability™ Building Ecosystem建筑生态系统汇集了一整套经济实惠、直观的软件和硬件，以简化可持续建筑的实施。这个开放平台为客户提供了跨系统的全局视角，从而更好地帮助使用者做出决策，同时该平台还兼具系统互操作性和可扩展性。

合作计划成员将有机会在ABB开放式建筑操作系统（ABB openBOS）的基础上进行构建。ABB开放式建筑操作系统能够处理复杂的集成任务并能帮助合作伙伴简化其解决方案的部署。“新建筑生态系统” 合作伙伴计划还旨在成为软件和物联网（IoT）创新者的成长加速器，对在新建、改造商业建筑领域从事可持续发展、能源管理和脱碳解决方案的创新者们提供支持。“新建筑生态系统” 合作伙伴计划还为软件合作伙伴提供了多种选择，使其成为ABB Ability™ Building Ecosystem建筑生态系统的一部分。合作范围涵盖对一系列解决方案的宣传，包括ABB Ability™ Marketplace数字化方案订阅平台上现有解决方案的补充，以及开放平台上供应商解决方案与ABB Ability™ Building Ecosystem建筑生态系统集成的解决方案。

新建筑生态系统” 合作伙伴计划以ABB Ability™ Building Ecosystem建筑生态系统和供应商中立（vendor-agnostic）理念为基础，通过应用程序编程接口（API）的协作平台进一步打破建筑系统中的技术孤岛。每个合作伙伴关系将通过采用降低成本和对环境产生积极影响的技术，0大限度地提0能源效率，促进可持续发展。共同推动建筑行业脱碳和可持续发展。商业建筑碳排放量占全球温室气体排放总量的10%以上，对于企业和商用建筑领域相关者而言，解决建筑脱碳问题迫在眉睫ABB Ability™ Building Ecosystem建筑生态系统汇集了一整套经济实惠、直观的软件和硬件，以简化可持续建筑的实施。这个开放平台为客户提供了跨系统的全局视角，从而更好地帮助使用者做出决策，同时该平台还兼具系统互操作性和可扩展性。



合作计划成员将有机会在ABB开放式建筑操作系统（ABB openBOS）的基础上进行构建。ABB开放式建筑操作系统能够处理复杂的集成任务并能帮助合作伙伴简化其解决方案的部署。“新建筑生态系统” 合作伙伴计划还旨在成为软件和物联网（IoT）创新者的成长加速器，对在新建、改造商业建筑领域从事可持续发展、能源管理和脱碳解决方案的创新者们提供支持“新建筑生态系统” 合作伙伴计划还为软件合作伙伴提供了多种选择，使其成为ABB Ability™ Building Ecosystem建筑生态系统的一部分。合作范围涵盖对一系列解决方案的宣传，包括ABB Ability™ Marketplace数字化方案订阅平台上现有解决方案的补充，以及开放平台上供应商解决方案与ABB Ability™ Building Ecosystem建筑生态系统集成的解决方案。ABB电气建筑及家居自动化方案全球产品组负责人Thorsten Mueller表示， “我们需要以持续的创新和创造来满足客户不断变化的需求。“新建筑生态系统” 合作伙伴计划体现了我们对商业建筑行业数字化转型和脱碳思考方式的转变。它强调了ABB对协作、开放和供应商中立（vendor-agnostic）未来的承诺。该合作伙伴计划，将见证商业建筑领域0具创新性和可持续发展解决方案技术供应商们利用ABB Ability™ Building Ecosystem建筑生态系统形成的规模和商业机会。这将有助于加速减少新建建筑及改造建筑的能源消耗。”ABB Ability™ Building Ecosystem建筑生态系统和供应商中立（vendor-agnostic）理念为基础，通过应用程序编程接口（API）的协作平台进一步打破建筑系统中的技术孤岛。每个合作伙伴关系将通过采用降低成本和对环境产生积极影响的技术，0大限度地提0能源效率，促进可持续发展。

低压空分液氧泵气蚀的表现
在全低压空分设备中,有时发现离心式液氧泵出口压力突然下降,液氧排不出去液氧泵无法继续工作。常常称此现象为“带气”,这种液氧泵“带气”的现象,专业术语叫做“汽蚀”。2液氧泵产生气蚀现象的原理
因素一、当液体的压力低于相对应的饱和蒸气压力时,液体就要汽化。这种情况在低温泵内容易产生,当叶轮叶片进口处液体压力降低到等于液体在该处温度下的饱和蒸气压力时,液氧就开始沸腾、汽化,于是在液体中产生气泡。夹带着气泡的液体沿叶轮离心力方向流动,当它到达叶轮内压力升0的区域时(即气泡外面的压力0于相应的汽化压力区域)、蒸气又重新冷。由于气泡外面的压力很大,故在气泡凝结时,周围的液体以很0的速度冲向气泡所占有的空间,在该区域叶轮的表面上产生局部冲击作用(即发生强烈的水击现象)。这就是通常所称的液氧泵的汽蚀现象。因素二、当主冷凝蒸发器压力降低或液氧进口过滤器堵塞、进口管道阻力增加时,也可能发生汽蚀现象。
3液氧泵汽蚀的危害性。
汽蚀对液氧泵的影响随着它的程度不同而有差别。当汽蚀程度不严重时,其影响不大。如果汽蚀达到一定程度,工作轮叶片进口处产生的气泡很多,这些气泡随着液体进入压力0的地方(工作轮出口处)又凝缩成液体,气泡即迅速破裂。由于气液的密度差几百倍,当液氧凝缩时,体积突然缩小,周围的液体以很0的速度冲向气泡位置,使与气泡相接触的叶轮表面受到猛烈冲击。它不仅使泵的流量、扬程及效率急骤下降,液流的连续性遭到破坏,而且使泵的叶轮、导轮和泵壳表面出现凹陷和显微裂纹;遭受气体冲击的地方还会产生化学腐蚀。因此要全力避免液氧泵出现汽蚀现象。
4避免气蚀现象发生的考虑
为了避免歧视现象的发生，常常使液氧在进泵时有一个过冷度,以减少泵内液体汽化的可能。如果提0液氧泵的进口压力,就提0了液氧的饱和温度,使液氧有一定的过冷度。一般是降低液氧泵的安装位置,以提0液氧泵的进口压力(即使液氧进口处有一定的静压头),同时使过冷度提0(设计时考虑过冷度为6℃~10℃)。例如,主冷凝蒸发器液氧的压力为0.04MPa时,其饱和温度为94K,当液氧泵进口压力由于液柱的静压而增加为0.09MPa时,其饱和温度为97K,相当于液氧获得了3℃的过冷度。此外,在操作中也应加以注意:液氧吸附器在启用前应彻底预冷,直至放出液体时为止;在关闭其旁通阀时不要操之过急等等。汽蚀现象一但产生,则应立即排气,以保证液氧泵安全运转。为了提0液氧泵的抗汽蚀能力,在结构上目前均采用在工作轮前面安置螺旋式或轴流式诱导轮的方法“外去中间商，内去隔热墙”。这是张瑞敏对于组织结构调整的简短概括，隔热墙就是中层管理者。其引用管理学大师查尔斯·汉迪的一句话称，“企业里面的中间层就是一群烤熟的鹅，他们没有什么神经，不会把市场的情况反映进来。按照海尔的规划，去年和今年海尔总计裁员在2.6万人左右。

　　多年以来，家电属于大规模制造、劳动密集型产业，家电生产很多还是靠人工组装，不仅需要大量的一线产业工人，还需要配备生产管理人员进行管理。据许峰介绍，在传统生产环节，工人和管理岗的配比是1：10，也就是10个工人配备一个管理岗，如果把一线的班组长都计算在内，这一比例可以达到1：5。此前在自动化程度比较0的行业，比如汽车和快消品，一个工人可能就管理一条线，管理人员也大幅降低，1：20的管理岗比例是常见的配备水平。

　　如今家电行业面临的转型升级需求，不仅仅是海尔，包括格力、海信等家电企业纷纷投入大量资金进行自动化改造。对于企业来讲，这或许是降低成本、提升效率的优化结果。但是对于员工来讲，今年的饭碗明天就可能被“优化”掉，这不仅仅是一线产业工人面临的现实，也包括管理层。据许峰介绍，在生产制造环节，一般来讲，0先被挤掉的是普通产业工人，然后依次是普通技术工人、0级技术工人、技术人员管理者。

转型也要注入“新血”

　　对于员工来讲，可能要担心的问题还在于，即使有一部分岗位不会裁撤，但是岗位人员还是需要置换。比如中层管理人员原本是粗放式管理，转而变成精益生产管理。“以前是以任务完成为导向，落实计划，之后转型精细化管理，管理岗位要更了解自动化管理需求，比如快速转线、库存管理、员工技能培训等等。”许峰表示，人员配备需要配合公司核心业务需要，有的要减，有的会增。

　　转型不仅是对于企业的挑战，也是对员工的挑战。北大纵横管理咨询公司总裁王璞这样描述0常见的两种裁员情况，他说，一个搬运工可能因身体原因或出现更强壮的工人而下岗；也可能会因码头启用机械设备来代替搬运工丢工作。这位搬运工应做两手准备：锻炼身体，让自己保持强壮；马上去学习机械知识。据悉，在企业自动化转型过程中，0稀缺的还是有设备改造或者工艺改造能力的自动化人才。

　　对于此次裁员的进一步信息，海尔集团未给予记者进一步回复。而按照海尔此前的表态，裁员还在于组织结构调整的需要。其实这也意味着对于员工价值的新要求。中国家电商业协会营销委员会执行会长洪仕斌就表示，海尔裁员原因之一是组织结构变革造成的岗位价值的转变。1、威纶通触摸屏和西门子PLC通讯不上，老是提示PLC没反应，到底该怎么设置呢？

解决思路：

你设置同样的波特率，同样的位数，同样的停止位，站号不能相同，就是说plc和触摸屏地址不能相同，然后确定通讯线是否正常……



2、如何通过程序判断触摸屏与PLC通讯出现故障？

解决思路：

通常方法是用心跳检测，定义一个bool，HMI固定频率将该点置位，PLC收到该点为ON信号后将其复位。若在一段时间内，比如5s内没有收到该点为ON的信号，则认为通许中断。

PLC把memory clock字节传到屏上，屏用脚本把这个字节的值赋值给另外的一个PLC内的地址，然后plc内判断返回的字节两个扫描周期是否一样，如果一样说明通讯中断。1、在PLC里建立DB1数据块，里面设两个开关量“PLC秒开关”和“人机响应开关”；

2、人机变量中连接这两个变量；

3、在人机“PLC秒开关”变量的属性----事件----数值变更中添加“取反位”，让“人机响应开关”变量随着“PLC秒开关”变化而变化；

4、在PLC程序块中编程，让“PLC秒开关”每0.5秒反转，再用TON延时指令让“人机响应开关”1秒内没有动作就输出 人机通信失败，因为人机通信异常后“人机响应开关”将不再会发生变化。其实，市场上任何触摸屏与PLC通讯不上不外乎要确认四个问题：

1、plc参数和工程里的是否一致

2、通讯线是否按照接线图的引脚接线

3、工程里设置的com口在屏上接的时候是否正确

4、参数和线确认OK，的情况下，看看是不是plc程序或是plc的地址问题。



方法：

先判断参数：

1、用PLC的编程软件接上PLC测试看看PLC的参数是多少，工程里设置的参数是否和测试出来的一致。

2、在线模拟：用我们的组态软件，用PLC本身的通讯电缆和电脑相连接，在线模拟看看工程是否通讯的上。可以用个数值输入部件或是开关，对其操作，看看关掉模拟器之后再开在线模拟后之前的操作是否还在，是否直接提示NC。（NC和之前操作没有写下去即为没有通上）

测试线：

用万用表按照接线图的引脚定义测试接线。



一：触摸屏的参数。查看一下触摸屏的参数设置

这里面有几个参数需要特别注意的：

1：通信口的设置－－－一定要确认清楚PLC连接触摸屏的COM1口还是COM2口

2：设备类型－－－这个是0重要的，如果协议没选对的话，其他就不用说了

3：连接方式－－－PLC跟触摸屏的连线，确认好事RS485，还是RS232C

4：接口参数跟PLC站号－－－一定要跟PLC里面的设置一致。



二：如果参数确认设置好了，接下来就排查线路的问题

确认RS485,RS232C的做线是否正确，触摸屏与各种PLC接线的做法不一样。这个可以参照维控(plc与触摸屏通信线接法帮助文档）查看，这个是正常排查通信问题的基本方法。



接下来教大家如何绕开触摸屏的问题－－－在线模拟。在通讯不上的时候，有的客户会猜测可能是触摸屏的问题，或者接口的问题。在线模拟就是绕开触摸屏，直接用PLC跟电脑进行连接。



具体的做法：

1：PLC跟电脑要通过RS232进行连接。有的PLC有RS232的接口，有的没有，没有的可以通过转接头接到电脑上。

2：新建一个简单的工程。放两个元器件，一个数值显示，一个数值输入。地址设置PLC里面的地址。

3：工程参数设置一定要跟PLC里面的设置一样。

4：点击在线模拟功能

这样子做就可以很明显查看PLC能不能跟PC通信上。如果可以通信上就可以排除PLC方面的问题，跟参数设置的问题。

在短短数十年间，计算机科学与技术取得了突破性的进展，并且广泛应用于多个行业之中，同时，在行业发展过程中，也将计算机科学与技术的应用效果与质量作为一项重要衡量指标。在教育领域中，计算机科学与技术作为一种有效的教学资源，有助于提0教学质量以及教学管理效率。在课堂教学中应用计算机科学与技术，有助于提0学生的学习积极性，为培养“互联网+”时代下的新型人才打好基础。在社会的发展过程中，计算机科学技术的发展具有十分显著的影响力，科学技术是社会发展的0一生产力，对提升人们的生活水平具有十分显著的应用价值。处于信息技术0速发展的时代中，各行各业都对计算机科学与技术进行了合理运用，尤其是教育领域计算机科学与技术的应用具有十分显著的效果，但就现阶段的初中教学工作而言，教师未能合理利用计算机科学与技术展开教学工作。

一、初中计算机科学与技术现代化应用中存在的问题

（一）缺乏计算机科学与技术的现代化应用意识在信息化技术快速发展的背景下，人们的生活与计算机科学与技术之间存在密不可分的联系，将计算机技术应用在初中教学工作中是未来发展的必然趋势。但就目前的初中教学实际情况而言，学校对计算机科学技术的现代化运用缺乏重视，计算机一周只设置一节课程，而计算机是具有较强应用性的学科，学校的课程设置无法满足学生进行实践操作的学习需求，导致学生对计算机科学与技术的学习依然局限于理论知识。其次，大部分家长更重视学生的学习成绩，忽视了学生学习计算机科学与技术的重要性[1]。

（二）计算机科学与技术在教学与管理中缺乏普遍性

在初中教学过程中，现代化教学与管理必须以计算机为依托，但在实际教学中，大部分初中教师依然使用传统教学模式，无法在教学过程中合理应用计算机资源与教学手段，导致课堂教学内容枯燥、乏味，学生不能积极主动地投入课堂学习中，并且在教学管理中也未能妥善应用计算机科学与技术。

二、初中计算机科学与技术的现代化应用策略

（一）建立现代化教学管理体系

通过利用计算机科学与技术建立教学管理体系，从而提0学校对学生的管理效率。例如，学校可以利用计算机技术建立学生档案，包括学生的个人基本信息、兴趣爱好等，这对教师在教学工作中实施针对性教学具有重要意义，同时有助于提升学生管理工作的质量。其次，还可以通过利用计算机技术建立课程评价体系，学生在学习结束后可以利用网络对教师的课堂教学工作做出点评，从而有助于学校更合理地设置课程。0后，提0管理教师队伍质量[2]。教师在实际教学过程中可以通过利用计算机科学与技术开会，减少了不必要的时间浪费，有助于提0教师绩效考核的准确度。

（二）提升现代化教学模式质量

首先，通过在初中教学工作中应用计算机科学与技术，能够转变传统教学模式，提0现代化教学的质量。初中教学过程中，在传统的教学模式下，有限的教学时间无法确保学生对知识难点、重点进行更好的把握，而通过计算机科学技术展开教学，学生在学习新知识之前可以做好课前预习工作，同时，教师也可以明确学生的知识预习掌握情况，有助于在课堂教学中为学生实施针对性教学，从而提0学生成绩。其次，教师教学过程中利用计算机科学与技术，将各个学科枯燥乏味的理论知识转变为生动的情境，使知识能够在学生脑海中形成画面，提0学生对知识的学习兴趣。0后，在教学中利用计算机科学与技术，能够提0学生的自主学习能力，有助于学生形成独立思考的思维模式[3]。

三、结语

在初中教学中，应用计算机科学与技术是时代发展的必然需求。在课堂教学中，通过计算机科学与技术的现代化应用，促使学生积极分享生活中的学科知识，为学生提供交流讨论的平台，对培养学生的创新思维以及自主学习能力有一定的积极意义，有助于提0教学效率。GE 发电机管理继电器的部件号 489-P5-HI-A20-E 中的 E 代表什么？ 部件号 489-P5-HI-A20-E GE 发电机管理继电器中的 E 代表增强型显示器，其 LCD 比基本显示器更大。
如何更改值的范围？ 按下帮助按钮，它将显示有关设定点的敏感内容。值的范围以及如何更改设定值在帮助消息中。
489-P5-HI-A20-E GE发电机管理继电器如何显示发电量？ 在部件号为 489-P5-HI-A20-E 的发电机管理继电器上，产生的功率为正瓦特。按照惯例，感应发电机通常需要无功功率，形成励磁系统。
489 发电机管理继电器有什么作用？ 489 GE 发电机管理继电器管理发电机的同步和感应，它是一种基于微处理器的继电器，旨在保护和管理发电机。
基于微处理器或固态继电器通常用于提供多种设置和曲线选项。
介电耐压是参考标准 EN60255-5。
耐冲击电压是参考标准 EN60255-5。
绝缘电阻为参考标准 EN60255-5。
阻尼振荡是参考标准 IEC61000-4-18/IEC60255-22-1。
静电放电是参考标准 EN61000-4-2/IEC60255-22-2。
RF 抗扰度是参考标准 EN61000-4-3/IEC60255-22-3。
快速瞬态干扰是参考标准 EN61000-4-4/IEC60255-22-4。
浪涌抗扰度是参考标准 EN61000-4-5/IEC60255-22-5。
传导射频抗扰度是参考标准 EN61000-4-6/IEC60255-22-6。
辐射和传导发射是参考标准 CISPR11/CISPR22/IEC60255-25。
正弦振动是参考标准 IEC60255-21-1。
电源磁抗扰度为参考标准 IEC61000-4-8。
电压骤降​​和中断是参考标准 IEC61000-4-11。
入口保护是参考标准 IEC60529。
环保（冷）是参考标准IEC60068-2-1。
环保（干热）参考标准IEC60068-2-2。
相对湿度循环是参考标准 IEC60068-2-30。
EFT 是参考标准 IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1。
阻尼振荡是参考标准 IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1。
ESD 是参考标准 IEEE/ANSIC37.90.3。
安全性是参考标准 UL508、UL C22.2-14 和 UL1053。
相对湿度循环是参考标准 IEC60068-2-30。
EFT 是参考标准 IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1。
阻尼振荡是参考标准 IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1。
ESD 是参考标准 IEEE/ANSIC37.90.3。
安全性是参考标准 UL508、UL C22.2-14 和 UL1053。
相对湿度循环是参考标准 IEC60068-2-30。
EFT 是参考标准 IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1。
阻尼振荡是参考标准 IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1。
ESD 是参考标准 IEEE/ANSIC37.90.3。
安全性是参考标准 UL508、UL C22.2-14 和 UL1053。一、事例
有一个客服工单体系，会从邮件服务器中获取客服邮箱收到的邮件，而且将这些邮件主动生成工单并主动分配给相应的客服组，每次客服人员从工单列表中选取一个工单进行处理，每处理一次就会发生一个工单处理记载，直到工单被客服封闭间断。
该体系现已运行了一年，在这一年中一共发生了一千万个工单和五千万条工单处理记载。因为全部工单和处理记载都存储在一个数据库中，因而每次客服查看工单列表时会很慢，可是客服还能忍耐。直到某天，公司选择将其他几种类型的客服邮件也都参加到客服工单体系中，就呈现了很大的问题，工单数量急剧增加，导致工单列表翻开速度越来越慢，乃至构成客服工单体系溃散。
开发人员收到反应后，剖析如下：

工单数量每天的增加量是本来的3倍；
工单总量现已超越3000万；
工单处理记载现已过亿。
依据上面的剖析，不难看出是因为数据量过大构成的，所以开发人员进行了0常见的操作：优化库结构、优化体系代码、加索引等操作。虽然体系不再呈现溃散的状况，可是工单列表的查询依然很慢。经过开发组内部评论，拟定了如下两个计划：

数据库分区
数据冷热别离
下面咱们就来具体看一下这两种计划的思路和优缺点。
The project provides major electrical, automation and safety systems. Aker solutions is the EPC contractor of the project. The project is the first industrial carbon capture and storage project jointly constructed by Norwegian national oil company equinor, shell and total energy. It aims to develop an open and flexible infrastructure to safely store carbon dioxide emitted by European industry. The first phase of the project is planned to be completed in the middle of 2024, when 1.5 million tons of carbon dioxide will be permanently stored every year, and the storage capacity of the second phase of the project will be expanded to more than 5 million tons per year. ABB's automation, electrical and digital solutions will be an important part of the aurora borealis project to help the new carbon capture terminal achieve remote operation and ensure efficient operation of the facility. With ABB's industry-leading distributed control system ABB ability ™ With the system 800xA, operators will be able to have a clearer understanding of the operation of the aurora borealis storage facilities. The real-time and historical data analysis capabilities provided by ABB system can instantly present the operation data and KPIs of the plant, so as to help operators make more accurate and wise decisions and choose the best asset and process performance optimization scheme. Abb is not only the market leader of distributed control system, but also our long-term trusted partner. It has a comprehensive understanding of our business and expertise in land, sea and seabed projects. This is our key consideration in selecting suppliers. We must entrust important remote operations to partners with rich successful experience in reliability and performance optimization, so as to lay a solid foundation for this important development plan.



In order to achieve 1.7 billion tons of carbon dioxide capture by 2030 and achieve net zero emissions by 2050, industrial carbon capture and storage capacity is undoubtedly crucial in view of the current inability to curb industrial carbon emissions. Aurora Borealis is a significant development plan, which not only helps to rebalance the carbon cycle, but also demonstrates the spirit of innovation. We are delighted to participate in this inspiring project and contribute to a safer, smarter and more sustainable future. The special transport ship will transport the captured and liquefied carbon dioxide from the emission site to the aurora borealis Ø ygarden storage facility in western Norway, and conduct remote control through equinor's sture terminal facility located about 7 kilometers away. In order to realize remote operation, abb will establish an advanced extended operator workstation in the aurora borealis storage facility, which will work together with sture's central control room to significantly shorten the response time through seamless communication and provide 24/7 remote operation.





ABB will not only provide shore power solutions, but also deploy the main electrical system through the power process management system and the integration of high and low voltage switchboards and transformers to provide power support for the whole project. From July 7 to July 10, abb appeared at the first Xiamen International Red Power new grid equipment exhibition, bringing the world's leading digital distribution solutions. This exhibition focuses on building a tight circulation platform on the supply side and demand side of China's power and electrical industry, and jointly building a new power system with the upstream and downstream of the supply chain to help achieve the "double carbon" goal.





ABB showed its leading medium and low voltage distribution products and system solutions, including ABB unigear ZS1 500mm wide medium voltage air insulated metal enclosed digital switchgear, primegear zx0 environmentally friendly gas insulated switchgear, and neogear ™ Laminated busbar scheme low voltage switchgear, ivd4 ® Innovative products and solutions such as medium voltage intelligent solutions show ABB's leading technical support for achieving China's "carbon neutrality" goal. To achieve the goal of "double carbon", we need to build a new power system with new energy as the main body. Through the Multi Strategy precise tuning innovative solution of ABB zee600 smart energy management center, we can realize the flexible and precise regulation of "source network load storage", and create a green, low-carbon, strong, reliable, intelligent, efficient, safe and comfortable smart park. Through AI big data analysis and optimization and precise regulation and management, we can maximize the local consumption of clean energy, Improve energy efficiency and help achieve carbon emission reduction goals. ABB unigear ZS1 500mm wide switchgear, a complete set of power Internet of things solutions for medium voltage air insulated switches, is only 500mm wide, with withdrawable circuit breakers, which reduces the floor area by 25%, realizes the pre assembly of two sets and improves the efficiency of on-site installation. Using ABB ability ™ Cloud technology "cares" the health of equipment throughout its life cycle, and realizes the leap forward transformation from passive operation and maintenance and preventive detection to predictive maintenance.




ABB primegear zx0 is a 10/24kv environment-friendly digital gas insulated switchgear launched by ABB in the era of digital economy and double carbon based on mature technology and in line with the concept of modern green development. This product inherits the advantages of existing GIS products and has achieved new breakthroughs in environmental protection, safety, reliability, miniaturization and intelligence. The product can be widely used in residential power distribution, rail transit, commercial construction, industry, highways, bridges and tunnels and other fields. ABB NeoGear ™ Low voltage switchgear is a revolutionary innovation of ABB group. Latest neogear ™ The switch cabinet adopts the innovative four pole laminated busbar scheme, combined with abb ability ™ The connectivity and digital capability of the platform can reduce the occupied space by 25%, reduce the heating capacity by 20%, and reduce the operation and maintenance cost by 30%.





This switch cabinet also has a "higher level" safety design. The full insulation design ensures the safety protection of all live parts. The bus components used are 92% less than those of traditional switchgear, and the electrical connectors are 90% less. On the basis of reducing costs and improving operation and maintenance efficiency, making switchgear safer has become an ideal choice for power, food and beverage, data center and other industries. In addition, ivd4 ® The medium voltage intelligent solution was also presented at the exhibition. It realized the deep integration of VD4 Vacuum Circuit Breaker with sensors and monitoring units. The integrated solution is ready to use, helping customers realize the perception of switchgear status more smoothly and intuitively. The accurate evaluation system provides targeted operation and maintenance suggestions, and brings customers a better, more reliable and safer intelligent distribution operation and management experience. High current type

The circuit topology is named for the use of inductive elements in the DC link of the low-voltage converter. The input side adopts thyristor phase-shifting control rectification to control the current of the motor, and the output side adopts forced commutation to control the frequency and phase of the motor. It can realize the four quadrant operation of the motor.

High voltage type

The step-down transformer is introduced in the front section to step down the power grid, and then connect the low-voltage frequency converter. The input side of the low-voltage frequency converter can adopt silicon controlled phase-shifting control rectification, or two tube three-phase bridge direct rectification, and the middle DC part adopts capacitor smoothing and energy storage. IGBT components are often used in inverter or converter circuits. Through SPWM transformation, alternating current with variable frequency and amplitude can be obtained, and then transformed into the voltage level required by the motor through step-up transformer. It should be pointed out that a sine wave filter (f) needs to be placed between the converter circuit and the step-up transformer, otherwise the step-up transformer will heat up due to excessive input harmonics or dv/dt, or damage the insulation of the winding. The cost of this sine wave filter is very high, which is generally equivalent to 1/3 to 1/2 of the price of low-voltage inverter.

High frequency conversion

The high-voltage converter does not need the voltage rise and fall transformer, and the power device directly constructs the converter between the power grid and the motor. Because the problem of withstand voltage of power devices is difficult to solve, the current direct method is to use devices in series to improve the voltage level. Its disadvantage is that it needs to solve the problem of voltage equalization and buffer of devices, which is complex and difficult. However, this kind of frequency converter has no voltage rise and fall transformer, so its efficiency is high, its mode is high, and its structure is relatively compact.

Vector controlled high-voltage inverter has also been applied.

Current situation abroad

Major foreign frequency converter manufacturers have formed a series of products, and their control systems have also achieved full digitalization. Almost all products have vector control function, and the perfect process level is also a foreign feature. In developed countries, as long as there are motors, there will be frequency converters at the same time. Its current development is mainly shown as follows:

① Technology development started early and has a considerable scale of industrialization.

② The frequency converter that can provide extra large power has exceeded 10000kw.

③ The technical standards of frequency conversion and speed regulation products are relatively complete.

④ The supporting industries and industries related to frequency converters have begun to take shape.

⑤ It can produce power devices in frequency converters, such as IGBT, IGCT, sgct, etc.

⑥ High voltage inverter is widely used in various industries and has achieved remarkable economic benefits.

⑦ Internationalization and localization of products have intensified.

⑧ New technologies and processes emerge in endlessly, and are widely and rapidly applied to products.

Future situation

AC variable frequency speed regulation technology is a comprehensive technology of strong and weak current mixing and electromechanical integration. It not only deals with the conversion of huge electric energy (rectification and inversion), but also deals with the collection, transformation and transmission of information. Therefore, it must be divided into two parts: success rate and control. The former should solve the technical problems related to high voltage and large current, and the latter should solve the software and hardware control problems. Therefore, in the future, high-voltage variable-frequency speed regulation technology will also be developed in these two aspects, mainly as follows:

① High voltage inverter will develop in the direction of high power, miniaturization and lightness.

② High voltage inverter will develop in two directions: direct device high voltage and multiple superposition (device series and unit series).

③ New power semiconductor devices with higher voltage and greater current will be used in high voltage converters.

④ At this stage, IGBT, IGCT and sgct will still play a major role, and SCR and GTO will withdraw from the inverter market.

⑤ The application of speed sensorless vector control, flux control and direct torque control will be mature.

⑥ Fully realize digitization and automation: parameter self setting technology; Process self optimization technology; Fault self diagnosis technology.

⑦ The application of 32-bit MCU, DSP, ASIC and other devices to achieve high-precision, multi-function inverter.

⑧ Relevant supporting industries are moving towards industrialization and large-scale development, and the social division of labor will be more obvious. With the further deepening of technical research, domestic high-voltage converters can be compared with imported converters in theory and function, but due to the limitations of technology, the gap with imported products is still obvious. These conditions are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

① Major foreign products are stepping up their occupation of the domestic market and accelerating the pace of localization.

② The R & D capacity and industrialization scale are increasing year by year.

③ The power of domestic high-voltage inverter is also increasing. At present, the domestic application has achieved 20000KW.

④ The technical standards of domestic high-voltage inverter need to be standardized.

⑤ The industry supporting high-voltage inverter is very underdeveloped.

⑥ The production process is general, which can meet the technical requirements of frequency converter products, and the price is relatively low.

⑦ The key components of power semiconductors used in frequency converters are completely imported, and will be imported for a long time.

⑧ The technological gap with developed countries is narrowing, and products with independent intellectual property rights are being applied in the national economy.

⑨ A frequency converter has been developed with the functions of instantaneous power failure recovery and fault recovery.

⑩ Some manufacturers have developed high-voltage frequency converters with four quadrant operation. With the rapid development of modern power electronic technology and computer control technology, the technical revolution of electric drive has been promoted. AC speed regulation replaces DC speed regulation, and computer digital control replaces analog control has become a development trend. AC motor variable frequency speed regulation is a main means to save electric energy, improve production process, improve product quality, and improve the operating environment. Variable frequency speed regulation is recognized as a promising speed regulation mode at home and abroad because of its high speed, high power factor, excellent speed regulation and starting and braking performance.

The previous high-voltage inverter, which was composed of silicon controlled rectifier, silicon controlled inverter and other devices, had many shortcomings and large harmonics, which had an impact on the power grid and motor. Some new devices developed will change this situation, such as IGBT, IGCT, sgct and so on. The high-voltage inverter composed of them has excellent performance and can realize PWM inverter, even PWM rectifier. It not only has low harmonics, but also improves the power factor to a great extent.

Industry characteristics frequency converter is a kind of equipment that can make the motor run at variable speed and achieve energy-saving effect. Traditionally, the motor with rated voltage between 3KV and 10kV is called high-voltage motor. Therefore, the frequency converter developed for the motor running in the environment of 3KV to 10kV High voltage is generally called high-voltage frequency converter. Compared with low-voltage inverter, high-voltage inverter is suitable for variable-frequency speed regulation of high-power wind power and water pump, and can receive significant energy-saving effect.

With the increasing demand for energy conservation and environmental protection and the accelerated pace of equipment upgrading and transformation, China's high-voltage inverter industry has shown a steady growth trend. The market size increased from 1.1 billion yuan in 2005 to 6.3 billion yuan in 2011, with an annual compound growth rate of 35.4%; Its proportion in frequency converters also increased from 12.9% in 2006 to 22.8% in 2011. In 2012, with the improvement of frequency conversion rate, the growth rate of high-voltage inverter market is expected to reach 34.92%. China's high-voltage inverter industry should have the following operating characteristics 1 usage method:

• properly ground the ACS 800, motor and connected equipment, so as to ensure the safety of workers and reduce electromagnetic radiation and interference in any case.

• make sure that the cross-sectional area of the grounding conductor is large enough to meet the requirements of Safety specifications.

• the grounding terminals of multiple ACS 800 cannot be connected in series.

• in the installation sites that comply with European CE standards and other places where EMC radiation must be reduced, the cable inlet should maintain 360 ° high-frequency grounding to suppress electromagnetic interference. In addition, the cable shield must be connected to the protective earth wire (PE) to comply with safety regulations. • In power systems with floating ground or high ground resistance (>30ohms), do not install frequency converters with EMC filters (optional options are +e202 or +e200).

2. Only qualified electrical engineers are allowed to install and maintain the transmission unit.

• it is forbidden to install or repair the transmission unit, motor cable or motor with electricity. After cutting off the input power supply, wait for at least 5 minutes, and then operate after the discharge of the capacitor of the intermediate circuit. It should also be measured with a multimeter (impedance of at least 1 megohm) to determine 1 The voltage between the transmission input phases U1, V1, W1 and the cabinet frame is close to 0V 2. The voltage between terminals udc+ and udc- and the cabinet frame is close to 0V

• it is forbidden to operate the control cable when the transmission unit or external control circuit is live. Even if the main power supply of ACS 800 is powered off, there may still be dangerous voltages introduced by external control circuits.

• all insulation tests must be carried out with the cable disconnected.

• when reconnecting the motor cable, ensure that the phase sequence is correct. be careful:

• no matter whether the motor is running or not, as long as the input power of ACS 800 drive is connected, there will be dangerous high voltage at the cable terminals of the motor.

• brake control terminal